It’s the most wonderful time of the year, for those keeping track of the annual COSEWIC status reports! COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) is an independent advisory panel that provides information to the Minister of Environment and Climate Change in Canada. This group of experts is responsible for identifying and assessing the conservation status of wildlife species across Canada.

Each year, these committees meet, assess, and determine the urgency rankings of wildlife species across Canada and rank them into different categories: not at risk, special concern, threatened, endangered, or extirpated. Species are also designated by priority categories of high, mid, and low, prior to COSEWIC assessment. Our last COSEWIC blog update was in 2020, so this post will include any changes in species found in Manitoba that occurred since then.

Short-eared Owl

As of 2021, the status of Short-eared Owls has been changed from Special Concern to Threatened by COSEWIC. This change in status is attributed to loss of nesting and wintering habitat, causing population declines. Observations of Short-eared Owls have been reported in the Oak Hammock Marsh and Saskatchewan River Delta IBAs. There have also been some observations at Delta Marsh and North, East, and West Shoal Lakes IBAs.

Short-Eared Owl Species at Risk Information

Ferruginous Hawk

The Ferruginous Hawk was previously assessed as Threatened by COSEWIC, but was changed to Special Concern in 2021. Recent trends in this species indicate populations are slowly growing despite ongoing habitat loss. Ferruginous Hawks can be seen in grassland areas of Manitoba including the Southwestern Manitoba Mixed Grass Prairie and Whitewater Lake IBAs. A few observations have also been recorded around the Oak Lake/Plum Lakes IBA.

Ferruginous Hawk Species at Risk Information

Ross’s Gull

In 2021, this species was reassessed from Threatened to Endangered by COSEWIC, due to their small breeding population and low breeding success in Canada. Ross’s Gull can be seen around Whitewater Lake IBA during migration. Chances of seeing Ross’s Gull elsewhere in Manitoba are very limited due to their preference for arctic habitats.

Ross’s Gull Species at Risk Information

Bobolink

In 2022, COSEWIC reassessed the status of the Bobolink to Special Concern, from Threatened. This change in assessment is due to a slower rate of population decline than previously believed. Bobolinks can be seen in many IBAs in Manitoba, including the Southwestern Manitoba Mixed Grass Prairie, Oak Hammock Marsh, Whitewater Lake, and Delta Marsh to name a few. Based on eBird, Bobolinks are frequently in many areas across Manitoba.

Bobolink Species at Risk Information

Eastern Whip-poor-will

In 2022, the Eastern Whip-poor-will was reassessed as Special Concern from Threatened by COSEWIC. This change in designation is based on indications that their populations are stabilizing and possibly increasing. Chances of observing this bird are very low, as they are cryptic and nocturnal. However, you are much more likely to hear this bird and its distinctive, repetitive “Whip-poor-will” call. Eastern Whip-poor-wills have been noted around the Delta Marsh and North, East, and West Shoal Lakes IBAs in Manitoba.

Eastern Whip-poor-will Species at Risk Information

Future assessments

The latest round of COSEWIC assessments took place in December 2023. During this round, both the Yellow Rail and Horned Grebe were re-evaluated, and both stayed in their original category of Special Concern.

The next round of assessments is scheduled for April 2024 and will include the Least Bittern (currently Threatened), the Short-billed Dowitcher (not yet assessed), and the Long-billed Curlew (currently Special Concern but considered extirpated in Manitoba). The full schedule can be found here: Status reports in preparation (cosewic.ca)

There are many species listed as candidates for assessment by COSEWIC. You can view the full list here: Candidate wildlife species (cosewic.ca)

 The species found in Manitoba that are considered high priority for assessment are:

• Horned Lark
• Marbled Godwit
• American Tree Sparrow
• Arctic Tern
• Greater Yellowlegs
• Solitary Sandpiper

Current COSEWIC status of Manitoba species

Species in Manitoba currently under COSEWIC designation include the following:

Special Concern:

• Yellow Rail
• Rusty Black Bird
• Buff-breasted Sandpiper
• Red-necked Phalarope
• Western Grebe
• Baird’s Sparrow
• Horned Grebe (Western population)
• Harris’ Sparrow
• Olive-sided Flycatcher
• Evening Grosebeak
• Canada Warbler
• Common Nighthawk

Threatened:

• Sprague’s Pipit
• Least Bittern
• Loggerhead Shrike Prairie subspecies
• Golden-winged Warbler
• Chimney Swift
• Chestnut-collared Longspur
• Bank Swallow
• Lark Bunting
• Hudsonian Godwit
• Lesser Yellowlegs

Endangered:

• Whooping Crane
• Piping Plover circumcinctus subspecies
• Eskimo Curlew
• Burrowing Owl
• Red Knot rufa subspecies Tierra del Fuego / Patagonia wintering population
• Red-headed Woodpecker

This fall was a gorgeous and warm one to get out in nature. Luckily, our dedicated volunteers and staff were able to get out before the weather turned, to conduct our annual fall International Shorebird Surveys (ISS) within the province. These ISS surveys allow us to obtain data and track long-term global trends of shorebird populations. The fall survey period goes from July 11 until October 25 each year.

Within the province of Manitoba, we survey 4 IBAs using the ISS protocol. They include Whitewater Lake; North, East, and West Shoal Lakes; Oak Lake/Plum Lakes; and Oak Hammock Marsh. Each IBA has pre-set routes. Whitewater Lake has a total of 8 routes including 4 on the east side of the lake, 3 on the west side of the lake, as well as a stationary route. North, East and West Shoal Lakes IBA has 4 routes around the lakes, and a stationary route. Oak Lake/Plum Lakes has 5 routes, 2 of which are stationary.

We try to survey each route 3 times in the spring and 3 times in the fall, though sometimes the weather and road conditions impact how many routes can be accessed. While all species observed during the surveys can be recorded, only shorebird observations are included in this roundup.  

Whitewater Lake

Species	Total # of Individuals
American Avocet	156
American Golden Plover	150
Baird’s Sandpiper	9
Black-bellied Plover	23
Buff-breasted Sandpiper	4
Dunlin	3
Greater Yellowlegs	38
Hudsonian Godwit	1
Killdeer	103
Least Sandpiper	42
Lesser Yellowlegs	139
Long-billed Dowitcher	24
Marbled Godwit	81
Pectoral Sandpiper	15
Plover sp.	1
Semipalmated Sandpiper	1
Shorebird sp.	25
Short-billed Dowitcher	1
Short/Long-billed Dowitcher	207
Spotted Sandpiper	2
Stilt Sandpiper	41
Upland Sandpiper	6
White-rumped Sandpiper	10
Willet	31
Wilson’s Phalarope	71
Total	1184
Total # of species	25

Whitewater Lake was visited 8 times during the fall ISS period. Routes E1 and E3 were each visited only once. E2 was visited twice. Sexton’s Point was visited 3 times. W1 was visited 4 times. Lastly, W2 and W3 were visited 6 times each. The most abundant species seen at Whitewater Lake this fall were Short-billed/Long-billed Dowitchers. These species are grouped, as differences can be very difficult to distinguish. There were also abundant numbers of American Avocets, American Golden Plovers, and Lesser Yellowlegs.

A big thank you to Gillian Richards, Glennis Lewis, Carson Kearns, Bonnie Johnston, Joan Carritt, Tharina Uys, Darrell Robinson, Madelyn Robinson, Margret Robinson, Carson Kearns, Garry Budyk, John Weier, Marissa Berard and Aynsley Woods for monitoring Whitewater Lake!

North, East, and West Shoal Lakes

Species	Total # of Individuals
Dunlin	1
Greater Yellowlegs	19
Killdeer	2
Least Sandpiper	5
Lesser Yellowlegs	4
Long-billed Dowitcher	1
Pectoral Sandpiper	10
Peep sp.	1
Red-necked Phalarope	12
Semipalmated Plover	1
Short-billed Dowitcher	3
Short/Long-billed Dowitcher	6
Solitary Sandpiper	1
Spotted Sandpiper	5
Wilson’s Snipe	25
Total	96
Total # of species	15

North, East, and West Shoal Lakes were visited 4 times during the fall migration period. Each route was visited 3 times. The most numerous species seen at this IBA were Wilson’s Snipe and Greater Yellowlegs.

A big thank you to Cameron Tramley, Tim Poole, Bonnie Chartier, Gwen Armbruster, and Peter Douglas for monitoring this IBA!

Oak Lake/Plum Lakes

Species	Total # of Individuals
American Avocet	2
Baird’s Sandpiper	1
Greater Yellowlegs	11
Killdeer	10
Lesser Yellowlegs	12
Pectoral Sandpiper	19
Peep sp.	8
Semipalmated Plover	2
Semipalmated Sandpiper	1
Shorebird sp.	19
Solitary Sandpiper	2
Spotted Sandpiper	3
Willet	2
Wilson’s Snipe	3
Total	95
Total Number of species	14

Oak Lake/Plum Lakes was visited 3 times this fall. Routes 1 and 2 were visited 3 times each. Routes 3 and 4 were each visited once, while Route 5 was inaccessible due to water levels. A total of 95 shorebirds were observed here this fall, with the most frequent species observed being Pectoral Sandpipers.

A very big thank you to Gillian Richards, Matt Gasner, Aynsley Woods and Marissa Berard for surveying this IBA!

Oak Hammock Marsh

Species	Total # of Individuals
Greater Yellowlegs	16
Killdeer	71
Least Sandpiper	12
Lesser Yellowlegs	1
Pectoral Sandpiper	1
Semipalmated Sandpiper	5
Shorebird sp.	1
Solitary Sandpiper	5
Willet	1
Wilson’s Phalarope	1
Wilson’s Snipe	9
Total	123
Total # of species	11

Oak Hammock Marsh was visited 3 times over the fall migration. Routes 2 and 3 were both surveyed twice. Route 1 was surveyed 3 times. Killdeer were the most abundant species seen in the marsh.

A very big thank you to Cameron Tramley, Tim Poole, Bonnie Chartier, Peter Douglas, and Aynsley Woods!  

Based on the summaries above, unsurprisingly Whitewater Lake had the most species and individuals observed, with 1184 individuals and 25 species. Oak Lake/Plum Lakes had the least number of individuals observed (n=95). Oak Hammock Marsh had the least number of species observed, with 11 species.  

Once again, we would like to thank all our volunteers for their amazing generosity and commitment to helping us complete our work! Without them we would not be able to complete these surveys that contribute to accurately tracking shorebird populations. If you are interested in volunteering for our 2024 International Shorebird Surveys, we will be looking for volunteers. Email iba@naturemanitoba.ca for more information.

-Aynsley

On September 9^th, the Manitoba IBA program held a Red-headed Woodpecker (RHWO) Blitz in the North, East and West Shoal Lakes IBA. Back in July, IBA program staff conducted Red-headed Woodpecker surveys in this area and observed a total of 14 adult Red-headed Woodpeckers. We were not sure how many Red-headed Woodpeckers would still be around, especially as many species seem to be migrating a week or two earlier than usual this year.

Our blitz was divided into 3 groups of 3 people. Just like our Oak Lake blitz, each group was given an area within the IBA to cover with suggested survey routes to follow. Below is a map of our group areas:

Originally, we were going to have four groups but we ended up having three groups instead, so Group 1 covered both the ‘Group 1’ and ‘Group 2’ areas on the map, in the southern and western portion of the IBA.  This group was made up of Marissa, Arianne and AJ. This group saw 2 juvenile Red-headed Woodpeckers in the ‘Group 2’ area.

Group 3 included Bonnie, Gwen, and Catherine. They saw a lot of activity from many birds including Mallards, Pine Siskins, Sandhill Cranes. They saw 1 juvenile Red-headed Woodpecker along their route.

Group 4 included Carson, Dries and Janice. They observed a total of 3 juvenile Red-headed Woodpeckers in addition to many other species.

After a full morning of blitzing and birding, our group met for lunch at Rosie’s Café in Inwood to fuel up and share about our mornings. The consensus was that while it seems that most of the Red-headed Woodpeckers had already left the area to migrate, it was a beautiful morning with lots of bird activity overall.  

In total, we observed 6 juvenile Red-headed Woodpeckers during the blitz followed by 2 more (1 adult and 1 juvenile) on the way home after the blitz.  In addition to 58 species, and 1,080 individuals. Below is a recap of all species observed. A big thank you to our volunteers Bonnie Chartier, Gwen Armbruster, Catherine Copp, Carson Kearns, Dries Desender, Janice Thordarson, Arianne Ruff, and AJ Bhuiyan for participating to count this important species at risk!

-Marissa and Aynsley

Species	Total # of Individuals
Accipiter sp.	1
American Bittern	1
American Coot	20
American Crow	17
American Goldfinch	25
American Kestrel	9
American Redstart	2
American Robin	33
American White Pelican	7
Bald Eagle	3
Barn Swallow	45
Belted Kingfisher	6
Black-billed Magpie	12
Black-capped Chickadee	2
Blackpoll Warbler	2
Blue Jay	23
Blue-winged Teal	8
Buteo sp.	1
Canada Goose	425
Cedar Waxwing	31
Clay-coloured Sparrow	3
Common Raven	11
Common Yellowthroat	1
Downy Woodpecker	4
Eastern Bluebird	3
Eastern Kingbird	2
Eastern Phoebe	1
European Starling	27
Gray Catbird	3
Great Blue Heron	2
Great Egret	1
Greater Yellowlegs	7
Green-wing Teal	2
Hairy Woodpecker	3
Harris’ Sparrow	1
LeConte’s Sparrow	1
Lesser Yellowlegs	1
Lincon’s Sparrow	7
Mallard	108
Merlin	4
Mourning Dove	5
Northern Flicker	61
Northern Harrier	1
Northern Shoveler	1
Pine Siskin	68
Red-headed Woodpecker	8
Red-tailed Hawk	20
Rock Pigeon (Feral Pigeon)	4
Ruddy Duck	1
Sandhill Crane	16
Savannah Sparrow	6
Sharp-shinned Hawk	2
Sharp-tailed Grouse	1
Song Sparrow	2
Swamp Sparrow	1
Turkey Vulture	4
Western Meadowlark	6
White-breasted Nuthatch	3
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker	5
Total	1080

The Manitoba IBA program held a Red-headed Woodpecker blitz in the Oak Lake/Plum Lakes IBA on Saturday, July 15^th. This is the third consecutive year that we blitz this IBA for Red-headed Woodpeckers (RHWO). Although windy, our 5 groups all managed to spot some Red-headed Woodpeckers.

Our blitzing group was comprised of 11 people, split up into 5 groups for maximum coverage of the IBA. Each group was assigned an area, two of which included a pre-determined survey route. Below is a map of the areas covered:

The wind was strong, as it seems to often be in the Oak Lake area. Thankfully, that didn’t stop us from finding Red-headed Woodpeckers.

Group 1 was comprised of Gillian, Kathryn and Leah. Their area was in the southeast portion of the IBA and included a survey route. They found two pairs of Red-headed Woodpeckers (4 RHWO total).

Group 2 covered the central portion of the IBA and was made up of Glennis, Sandy and Carson. Their area also included a survey route. During the blitz, they managed to count 14 Red-headed Woodpeckers!!!

Group 3 consisted of Katharine and Lee Ann. Their area did not include a survey route, so they focused their birding in areas of suitable habitat. They counted 4 Red-headed Woodpeckers. They also saw a Loggerhead Shrike, which is quite exciting.

Group 4 was made up of Tom and Renee, who covered the area north of Highway 1. They counted 1 Red-headed Woodpecker.

Group 5, comprised of me (Marissa), covered the southwest portion of the IBA. At my first stop, I saw a pair of Red-headed Woodpeckers in a stand of dying aspen trees. I didn’t see any more during the rest of my blitz, so the total for group 5 amounted to 2 RHWO. Unfortunately, on the way back to Oak Lake Beach to meet with the rest of the groups, I found a dead RHWO on the road that must have been hit by a car. It was a good reminder to be aware of wildlife, including birds, while driving. On a more positive note, one of my personal highlights of the morning was spotting a beautiful Eastern Bluebird, on the way home after the blitz.

After the blitz, we all met up at the Oak Lake Marina for some snacks and to share with each other about our mornings. At this point, the wind had really picked up, and we could barely hear each other talk! Thankfully, Leah is from the Oak Lake area and was able to show us a better spot that was more sheltered from the wind. We moved locations to the park, and set up at a picnic table that was much more sheltered. As a bonus, an Eastern Wood-Pewee was singing away right by our picnic table! This bird was very photogenic and certainly not camera-shy. It remained on a branch singing loudly, perched right in perfect view!

In total, we saw 25 Red-headed Woodpeckers during the blitz. A summary of all the species identified can be found below. We saw a total of 84 species (plus blackbird sp. and small falcon sp.) and a total of 1,907 individuals. Thank you to Gillian Richards, Kathryn Hyndman, Glennis Lewis, Sandy Hominick, Renee Will, Tom Will, Carson Kearns, Katharine Schulz, Lee Ann, and Leah Lees for joining me to count this species at risk!

-Marissa

Species	Number of Individuals
American Avocet	3
American Bittern	1
American Coot	4
American Crow	49
American Goldfinch	37
American Kestrel	15
American Robin	26
Bald Eagle	2
Baltimore Oriole	3
Barn Swallow	22
Black Tern	54
Black-billed Cuckoo	1
Black-billed Magpie	6
Blackbird sp.	20
Black-capped Chickadee	3
Black-crowned Night Heron	1
Blue-winged Teal	1
Bobolink	5
Brewer’s Blackbird	106
Brown Thrasher	1
Brown-headed Cowbird	8
Canada Goose	1
Cedar Waxwing	18
Chipping Sparrow	8
Clay-coloured Sparrow	12
Cliff Swallow	6
Common Grackle	5
Common Raven	1
Common Yellowthroat	10
Cooper’s Hawk	1
Double-crested Cormorant	1
Downy Woodpecker	1
Eastern Bluebird	5
Eastern Kingbird	66
Eastern Phoebe	1
Eastern Wood-Pewee	2
European Starling	2
Franklin’s Gull	599
Gray Catbird	6
Gray Partridge	16
Great Crested Flycatcher	3
Hairy Woodpecker	1
Horned Lark	2
House Sparrow	17
House Wren	21
Killdeer	4
Lark Sparrow	10
Least Flycatcher	16
LeConte’s Sparrow	1
Lesser Yellowlegs	1
Loggerhead Shrike	1
Mallard	4
Marsh Wren	1
Merlin	4
Mourning Dove	88
Nelson’s Sparrow	4
Northern Flicker	8
Northern Harrier	2
Orchard Oriole	1
Pied-billed Grebe	1
Red-eyed Vireo	3
Red-headed Woodpecker	28
Red-necked Grebe	6
Red-tailed Hawk	2
Red-winged Blackbird	255
Ring-billed Gull	9
Rock Pigeon (Feral Pigeon)	6
Savannah Sparrow	14
Sedge Wren	1
Small Falcon sp.	1
Song Sparrow	8
Sora	1
Swainson’s Hawk	5
Tree Swallow	13
Turkey Vulture	7
Upland Sandpiper	1
Veery	2
Vesper Sparrow	9
Warbling Vireo	4
Western Kingbird	10
Western Meadowlark	70
White-faced Ibis	7
Wilson’s Snipe	1
Yellow Warbler	6
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker	3
Yellow-headed Blackbird	116
Total number of species	84
Total number of individuals	1907

This past Saturday, August 12^th, we ran our first weed pull at the Riverton Sandy Bar since 2021. Last year, the water levels on Lake Winnipeg were so high that the Sandy Bar was underwater – instead, we ended up doing a purple loosestrife pull at Oak Hammock Marsh, and shoreline clean-ups at Delta Beach and Lockport. This year, the water levels cooperated and we were able to do a weed pull once again. The purpose of our weed pulls is to restore habitat for Piping Plovers (an Endangered species) as well as other shorebirds, gulls and terns. The Riverton Sandy Bar was designated as a Special Conservation Area because Piping Plovers have nested here in the past. Piping Plovers prefer open sandy areas to nest, so by removing the vegetation, we hope that one day these birds will nest in this area once again.

Thank you to Joanne, Allan, Lynn, Judy, Lorraine, and Carson, for joining Aynsley and I to pull weeds for the Piping Plovers!

Our weed pull events are notorious for attracting interesting weather. On the drive there, many of us encountered pockets of pouring rain… Fortunately, though ominous rain clouds often surrounded us throughout the morning, the rain never reached us. The cool dry weather (around 15 degrees) ended up being perfect for pulling weeds.

We met in the parking lot bright and early, at 8 am. After chatting and fuelling up on snacks and coffee, we began the approximately 1 km trek to the weed pull area. We loaded up a wagon with the essentials (coffee!!!), which was quite easy to pull along the packed wet sand. Our group took turns teaming up to carry the wagon over a few more challenging sections of terrain.

Once arrived, we got to work. The main type of vegetation we were pulling was the invasive Sweet Clover, which is quite easy to pull and makes for a satisfying experience. From our starting point, volunteers spread out in different directions – some worked towards the southwest, while others worked towards the northeast. Throughout the morning, our group shared lots of stories, jokes and laughter. What a lovely way to connect, while contributing to conservation.

All in all, we managed to remove 20 full bags of weeds from the Sandy Bar! It was very satisfying to see the clear difference in the amount of vegetation after our hard work, compared to before. Though many of us felt like we could have continued to weed all day (it’s so hard to stop once you start), we wrapped up around noon.     

While pulling weeds, we also had our eyes and ears open for birds. Highlights included a Bald Eagle flying around in the distance, pelicans, and Semipalmated Sandpipers. After the pull, Joanne went for a walk to the end of the spit for some extra birding. She compiled our bird sightings for the morning into an eBird checklist – thanks Joanne!!

Here is the full species list:

Species	Count
Canada Goose	42
Mallard	8
Green-winged Teal	12
Semipalmated Plover	1
Baird’s Sandpiper	4
Least Sandpiper	3
Semipalmated Sandpiper	24
Greater Yellowlegs	3
Lesser Yellowlegs	4
Bonaparte’s Gull	3
Ring-billed Gull	21
Herring Gull	2
Common Loon	1
Double-crested Cormorant	11
American White Pelican	24
Northern Harrier	2
Bald Eagle	6
Merlin	1
Eastern Kingbird	1
American Crow	2
Tree Swallow	1
Barn Swallow	1
Marsh Wren	2
Gray Catbird	1
Cedar Waxwing	4
Song Sparrow	2
Swamp Sparrow	1
Yellow Warbler	6
Total # of species	28
Total # of individuals	193

Thanks again to our volunteers, we couldn’t do this without you! If you have any questions or if you would be interested in participating in events like this in the future, you can get on our mailing list by emailing iba@naturemanitoba.ca!

-Marissa

This past weekend, we ran our second ‘Purple Loosestrife Pull’ at Oak Hammock Marsh IBA. Our group of 15 met outside of the Harry J. Enns Wetland Discovery Centre at 10 am. Once we got organized, did some introductions, and handed out some outreach materials, we headed out to the stand which is about a 15-minute drive away, on the eastern edge of the WMA. The sun was hot, but thankfully there was a nice breeze once we got to our destination. Our group spent the next few hours building connections, beating the heat with some cool refreshments, and successfully removing a full truckload of Purple Loosestrife. A huge thank you to Judy, Lorraine, Jon, Amanda, Cindy, Alain, Josh, Salem, Hayden, Lifa, Kenzy, Mariam and Gus for coming out and helping Aynsley and I with this important work!

Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), recognizable by its bright pink-purple flowers and square, woody stem, is an invasive plant that is rapidly spreading throughout North America. First having arrived in the early 1800s, this plant is thought to have been transported here in the soil of ballast water on European ships, as well as by being deliberately planted by European settlers. Its dense root systems crowd out native plant species, resulting in lower biodiversity and degraded habitat for birds and other animals. Even though this plant has many negative effects on our natural ecosystems, it can still be found planted in gardens and sold in garden centres. More in-depth information on Purple Loosestrife can be found on the Invasive Species Centre website: https://www.invasivespeciescentre.ca/invasive-species/meet-the-species/invasive-plants/purple-loosestrife/

When a stand of purple loosestrife was first confirmed on the eastern edge of Oak Hammock Marsh in July 2022, the Manitoba IBA program decided to work to prevent the spread of this invasive species by organizing our first ‘Purple Loosestrife Pull’ in September 2022. Oak Hammock Marsh provides valuable habitat for a variety of wetland and grassland birds, so protecting it from the threat of purple loosestrife is important.

While completely removing this stand would be difficult and would require a lot of resources, our approach is one of “damage control” – to limit its spread as much as we can. In general, the best time to remove invasive plants is when they are flowering but before they have gone to seed, to avoid spreading more seed in the process of removing them. Because some of the Purple Loosestrife had started to go to seed, we did not fully pull the plants. Instead, working in small groups, we would place the top of the plants (with the flowers and seeds) in a garbage bag to trap all the seeds, and cut the plant at the base. By cutting the plants and putting them in garbage bags, we are preventing a massive number of seeds from being dispersed into the area and growing into full plants in the future. One plant can spread up to 2 million seeds per year, so removing them before they are able to spread them is key!

Below is a photo of our group along with the results of our day’s work – As I mentioned at the start of this blog post, we removed enough Purple Loosestrife to completely fill up the back of my pickup truck! Once again, a massive thank you goes to our incredible volunteers.

Interested in helping with our stewardship work? We will be at the Riverton Sandy Bar this coming Saturday, August 12^th to protect Piping Plover habitat by pulling weeds. We will get started at 8 am. If you are interested in participating, send me an email at iba@naturemanitoba.ca!

-Marissa 

The Manitoba IBA program is looking for volunteers for our upcoming events, including a purple loosestrife pull at Oak Hammock Marsh, a weed pull at Riverton Sandy Bar, and a bird blitz at Whitewater Lake. Keep reading for more details. The more the merrier!

Purple Loosestrife Pull – Saturday, August 5^th

We organized our first Purple Loosestrife pull last September, after a stand of Purple Loosestrife (an invasive wetland plant) was discovered on the east side of Oak Hammock Marsh. Join us again this year to protect the wetland habitat at Oak Hammock Marsh on Saturday, August 5^th from 10 am – 2 pm. Snacks and refreshments will be provided.

Sandy Bar Weed Pull – Saturday, August 12^th

We will be meeting at the Riverton Sandy Bar on Saturday, August 12^th from 8 am – 12 pm, to remove weeds and restore habitat for Piping Plovers and other shorebirds. Snacks and refreshments will be provided. We were unable to run our annual weed pulls last year because of the very high water levels on Lake Winnipeg, so it will be great to get out to this spot again!

Whitewater Lake Blitz – Sunday, August 27^th

Join us for a bird blitz at Whitewater Lake on Sunday, August 27^th, starting at 8:30 am. We will be focusing on counting shorebirds, but there will be many other birds to see as well! Snacks and refreshments will be provided at the end of the morning. Carpooling from Winnipeg or Brandon may be available.

To sign up for these events or for more information, you can email me at iba@naturemanitoba.ca

Thanks!

-Marissa

This past spring our wonderful volunteers and Manitoba IBA staff conducted International Shorebird Surveys (ISS) within the province. Started by Manomet, the goal of these surveys is to track long-term global shorebird trends. Spring International Shorebird Surveys are conducted annually between April 1^st and June 15^th, with the peak of the season occurring between April 24^th and May 16^th.

In Manitoba, four of our IBAs are surveyed using the ISS protocol: Whitewater Lake; North, East, and West Shoal Lakes; Oak Lake/Plum Lakes; and Oak Hammock Marsh. Within each site, there are pre-set routes. Whitewater Lake has four routes on the east side of the lake, three on the west side and one stationary route. Oak Lake/Plum Lakes has five routes, two of which are stationary. Oak Hammock Marsh has three routes, although one was not accessible this year due to high water levels. Finally, North, East and West Shoal Lakes IBA has four routes around the lakes. We try to survey each route three times in the spring and three times in the fall. While all species observed can be recorded, only shorebird observations are included in this roundup.  

Last year, many areas were flooded and water levels were higher than the norm. This year however, much of the usual preferred habitat was drier than usual, while some areas were inaccessible due to flooding. These conditions in addition to a late spring created an interesting survey period. Below is a summary of the results from the spring survey period.

Whitewater Lake

2023 Spring Whitewater Lake Shorebird Counts
Species	Total # of Individuals	Proportion of Individuals (%)
American Avocet	45	4
American Golden Plover	16	1
Baird’s Sandpiper	24	2
Black-bellied Plover	65	6
Dunlin	17	1
Killdeer	17	1
Least Sandpiper	316	27
Lesser Yellowlegs	180	16
Marbled Godwit	9	1
Pectoral Sandpiper	3	0
Red-necked Phalarope	17	1
Ruddy Turnstone	7	1
Sanderling	10	1
Semipalmated Plover	1	0
Semipalmated Sandpiper	304	26
Short-billed Dowitcher	3	0
Spotted Sandpiper	1	0
Stilt Sandpiper	26	2
Upland Sandpiper	3	0
White-rumped Sandpiper	4	0
Willet	11	1
Wilson’s Phalarope	78	7
Total	1157	100
Total Number of species	22

Whitewater Lake was visited four times during the spring ISS period. Route E1 was surveyed once. Routes E2, E3, W1 were each surveyed twice. Lastly, routes W2, W3, and Sexton (the stationary spot) were each surveyed three times. Large numbers of Least and Semipalmated Sandpipers were observed during the spring migration, as well as numerous Lesser Yellowlegs, Wilson’s Phalarope, and Black-bellied Plovers.

A big thank you to Carson Kearns, Colin Blyth, Duane Diehl, Gillian Richards, Jackie Dixon, Kathryn Hyndman, Tim Poole, Veronica White, Cam Tramley, Baylana Hiebert, and the Westman Naturalists for monitoring Whitewater Lake!

Oak Lake/Plum Lakes

2023 Spring OPL Shorebird Counts
Species	Total # of Individuals	Proportion of Individuals (%)
American Avocet	2	4
Killdeer	10	19
Least Sandpiper	2	4
Marbled Godwit	1	2
Shorebird sp.	6	11
Spotted Sandpiper	4	7
Willet	2	4
Wilson’s Phalarope	27	50
Total	54	100
Total Species	8

Oak Lake/Plum Lakes was visited once this season. Routes 1, 2, 3 and 4 were all surveyed. Route 5 was not surveyed due to the roads being flooded. The most numerous species seen at Oak Lake/Plum Lakes was Wilson’s Phalarope and Killdeer, with one Marbled Godwit sighting.

A big thank you to Amanda Shave and Shannon Landels for making it out to this site!

North, East, and West Shoal Lakes

2023 Spring North, East and West Shoal Lakes Shorebird Counts
Species	Total # of Individuals	Proportion of Individuals (%)
Greater Yellowlegs	2	3
Hudsonian Godwit	5	8
Killdeer	18	29
Lesser Yellowlegs	11	17
Marbled Godwit	6	10
Solitary Sandpiper	1	2
Spotted Sandpiper	15	24
Willet	2	3
Wilson’s Phalarope	1	2
Wilson’s Snipe	11	17
Total	72	114
Total Species	10

North, East and West Shoal Lakes was surveyed on four occasions this spring season. Routes 1, 2 and the campground stationary route were each surveyed once. Routes 3 and 2 were surveyed 4 times each. The most numerous shorebirds seen were Lesser Yellowlegs and Spotted Sandpipers, with some sightings of Hudsonian and Marbled Godwits.  

A big thank you to Bonnie Chartier, Mike Karakas, Tami Reynolds, Jo Swartz, Betsy Thorsteinson, Tim Poole, Veronica White and Cam Tramley for monitoring the North, East and West Shoal Lakes!

Oak Hammock Marsh

2023 Spring OHM Shorebird Counts
Species	Total # of Individuals	Proportion of Individuals (%)
Hudsonian Godwit	6	14
Killdeer	20	45
Marbled Godwit	5	11
Peep sp.	2	5
Semipalmated Sandpiper	2	5
Short-billed Dowitcher	1	2
Spotted Sandpiper	3	7
Willet	3	7
Wilson’s Snipe	2	5
Total	44	100
Total Species	9

Oak Hammock Marsh was visited a total of four times, with all routes being surveyed each visit. The most numerous shorebird seen was Killdeer. There was one sighting of a Semipalmated Sandpiper, as well as other peeps.

A big thank you to Amanda Shave, Tami Reynolds, Mike Karakas, Tim Poole, Veronica White, and Aynsley Woods for monitoring Oak Hammock Marsh.

Based on the above summaries, it is clear the drier weather and late spring in Manitoba affected the spring ISS monitoring season. All four of the IBAs monitored showed low numbers similar to the last few years, as the past few years have also had weather influences. Like last year, Whitewater Lake had the greatest number of individuals and species, compared to the other IBAs.

Summaries like this one are possible due to the time and effort put in by our volunteers, so a very big thank you goes out again to all who went out and monitored this spring! If you are interested in volunteering for our fall International Shorebird Surveys, we are looking for volunteers. Our fall ISS period runs from July 11^th – October 25^th, 2023. Email iba@naturemanitoba.ca for more information.

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On Saturday June 17^th, the Manitoba IBA program led a bird walk at the Oak Hammock Marsh IBA. Our group of 8 met in the parking lot of the Harry J. Enns Interpretive Centre at 10am. Marissa, our coordinator, led our voyage! I (Aynsley) was also there to assist. Before embarking on our journey, we spoke with Paula, Oak Hammock Marsh’s Resident Naturalist and IBA Steering Committee Member. She informed us that the trails were in good condition, and that there is a variety of birds around due to the late migratory season. Our group consisted of a mix of intermediate and beginner birders! With the sun shining and the birds chirping, we set off on our adventure.

The walk began along the Killdeer Trail, where we stopped near the dock to look out at the nesting island. Here we saw a few duck species including Blue-winged Teal and Mallard. We also saw a few shorebirds including Spotted Sandpipers and a Killdeer. We continued our walk turning down the Duck Pond Trail. Along this trail we made a few stops pointing out some Clay-coloured Sparrows, a Yellow-headed Blackbird, a Western Meadowlark, some Red-winged Blackbirds, and more!

We continued our walk stopping at the scrape. Here we saw some Canada Geese with dozens of fluffy yellow goslings, some nesting Barn Swallows, a pair of Trumpeter Swans, some Lesser Yellowlegs, a Green-winged Teal, and more! The Shorebird Scrape at Oak Hammock Marsh is an important area for shorebirds as well as other birds. It is a shallow depression where water collects and slowly dries over the summer creating prime muddy and shallow water habitat for foraging shorebirds. By having the scrape in the marsh, it allows the area to stay wetter and muddier longer throughout the summer. These areas do require some yearly maintenance to keep down tall vegetation, which is less attractive to shorebirds.

We turned around and headed down the Harrier Trail. We didn’t see too much down this trail, but we spotted a Clay-coloured Sparrow. Our group continued and decided to take a short break at the benches near the cabin. While sitting and enjoying the beautiful morning, we spent some time observing a very photogenic Tree Swallow.

At this point in the morning, it was beginning to get quite warm out. A few members of our group headed inside to cool off, while the remainder of our group decided to take a walk down the Boardwalk. Along the Boardwalk we heard a Sedge Wren, a Common Yellowthroat, and saw some more Red-winged Blackbirds. We turned around and finished our walk back at the parking lot near the Harry J. Enns Interpretive Centre.

Overall, the weather and trails were awesome and there was a great variety of birds to be seen! A big thank you to everyone who came out! The full checklist of species can be found below:

Species	Count
Alder Flycatcher	1
American White Pelican	8
Bank Swallow	5
Barn Swallow	15
Blue-winged Teal	4
Canada Goose	150
Clay-colored Sparrow	2
Common Grackle	2
Common Yellowthroat	4
Eastern Kingbird	3
Gadwall	2
Green-winged Teal	1
Killdeer	3
Lesser Yellowlegs	3
Mallard	1
Marsh Wren
Northern Shoveler	4
Purple Martin	3
Redhead	1
Red-winged Blackbird	15
Sedge Wren	1
Spotted Sandpiper	2
Tree Swallow	2
Trumpeter Swan	2
Western Meadowlark	1
Yellow-headed Blackbird	3
Yellow Warbler	2

-Aynsley

The Manitoba IBA program has been coordinating annual spring and fall International Shorebird Surveys (ISS) in 4 of our IBAs: Whitewater Lake IBA, Oak/Plum Lakes IBA, Oak Hammock Marsh IBA, and Shoal Lakes IBA. The goal of these surveys is to track trends of global shorebirds long-term. Thanks our incredibly dedicated volunteers and staff, 2022 was another great season surveying for shorebirds across Manitoba! Each year presents its own challenges and unique weather patterns, and 2022 was no different. The high spring water levels carried into the fall, which resulted in flooded fields, ditches, and other areas similar to the spring season. Results of the 2022 ISS Spring roundup can be found here.

We try to visit each route 3 times in the spring season and 3 times in the fall season to count shorebirds in migration. The fall ISS period encompasses July 11^th to October 25^th, with August 10^th – September 10^th considered the peak of the survey period. Below you will find the results for the Fall 2022 season. Please note, multiple species are observed during the ISS, but only shorebirds are included in this data.

Whitewater Lake

2022 Fall Whitewater Lake Shorebird Counts
Species	Total # of Individuals	Proportion of Individuals (%)
American Avocet	62	6
Baird’s Sandpiper	43	4
Greater Yellowlegs	82	8
Killdeer	40	4
Least Sandpiper	28	3
Lesser Yellowlegs	132	12
Long-billed Dowitcher	287	27
Marbled Godwit	39	4
Pectoral Sandpiper	26	2
Peep sp./ Shorebird sp.	32	3
Ruddy Turnstone	1	0
Semipalmated Plover	2	0
Semipalmated Sandpiper	4	0
Short-Billed Dowitcher	35	3
Short/Long-billed Dowitcher	99	9
Upland Sandpiper	9	1
Willet	104	10
Wilson’s Phalarope	33	3
Wilson’s Snipe	10	1
Total	1068	100
Total # of Species	19

Whitewater Lake was surveyed a total of 21 times over the season. On the east side of the lake, routes E1, E2, and E3 were each visited once. Sexton’s point is the only stationary route, and was surveyed 5 times. Switching to the west side of the lake, W1 was surveyed 3 times, W2 surveyed 7 times, and W3 surveyed 4 times. W2 had the highest number of shorebirds observed compared to all other Manitoba ISS routes. A large number (over 100 individuals) of Lesser Yellowlegs, Long-billed Dowitcher, and Willets were each observed at Whitewater Lake during the fall migration.

A big thank you to Gillian Richards, Glennis Lewis, Kathryn Hyndman, Tim Poole and Aynsley Woods for surveying Whitewater Lake!

Oak Lake/Plum Lakes

2022 Fall Oak Lake Shorebird Counts
Species	Total # of Individuals	Proportion of Individuals (%)
American Avocet	3	2
Greater Yellowlegs	25	16
Killdeer	24	15
Least Sandpiper	7	5
Lesser Yellowlegs	21	14
Long-billed Dowitcher	35	23
Pectoral Sandpiper	8	5
Semipalmated Plover	1	1
Solitary Sandpiper	1	1
Spotted Sandpiper	5	3
Upland Sandpiper	2	1
Willet	2	1
Wilson’s Phalarope	16	10
Wilson’s Snipe	5	3
Total	155	100
Total # of Species	14

Over the fall season, Oak/Plum Lakes IBA was surveyed a total of 9 times. Routes 3 and 5, both of which are stationary routes, were not surveyed due to flooding and roads being inaccessible. Route 1 was surveyed the most out of all Oak/Plum Lakes routes for a total of 4 times. Route 2 was surveyed twice. Finally, route 4 was surveyed 3 times. One interesting observation was the one Semipalmated Plover individual.

A huge thank you to Glennis Lewis, Ward Christianson, Marlene Christianson, and Gillian Richards for surveying these routes!

Shoal Lakes

2022 Fall Shoal Lakes Shorebird Counts
Species	Total # of Individuals	Proportion of Individuals (%)
Baird’s Sandpiper	3	3
Greater Yellowlegs	9	10
Killdeer	9	10
Lesser Yellowlegs	17	19
Marbled Godwit	1	1
Peep sp./ Shorebird sp.	7	8
Semipalmated Sandpiper	14	16
Spotted Sandpiper	6	7
Willet	2	2
Wilson’s Snipe	22	24
Total	90	100
Total # of Species	10

The North, East, West Shoal Lakes IBA was surveyed a total of 15 times over the fall season. Route 1 and the campground (stationary route) were each surveyed 3 times. Routes 2 and 3 were surveyed twice. Route 4 was surveyed 5 times. Shoal Lakes had the lowest number of observed shorebirds compared to the other Manitoba ISS sites.

An enormous thank you to Bonnie Chartier, Tami Reynolds, Cam Nikkel and Tim Poole for surveying these routes!

Oak Hammock Marsh

2022 Fall OHM Shorebird Counts
Species	Total # of Individuals	Proportion of Individuals (%)
Black-Bellied Plover	1	0
Greater Yellowlegs	87	38
Killdeer	80	35
Least Sandpiper	1	0
Lesser Yellowlegs	4	2
Pectoral Sandpiper	1	0
Peep sp./Shorebird sp.	6	3
Semipalmated Sandpiper	1	0
Solitary Sandpiper	4	2
Spotted Sandpiper	1	0
Wilson’s Snipe	41	18
Total	227	100
Total # of Species	11

Over the fall season, Oak Hammock Marsh was surveyed a total of 14 times. Route 3 was surveyed once due to the high-water levels and road conditions from the spring. Route 1 was surveyed 6 times. Route 2 was surveyed 7 times. The most numerous species found here were Greater Yellowlegs and Killdeer.

A huge thank you to Bonnie Chartier, Tami Reynolds, Mike Karakas, Peter Douglas, and Tim Poole for surveying Oak Hammock Marsh!

Round Up

As mentioned in the summaries above, the Manitoba 2022 International Shorebird Surveys were affected by weather conditions. High water levels and road blockages affected accessibility as well as the quality of habitat for the shorebirds. Compared to 2021, the fall 2022 monitoring data shows a decrease in observed individuals at Whitewater Lake.

Once again, a big thank you to all our volunteers this year! This important data could not be gathered without your help.  

If you are interested in volunteering for our 2023 International Shorebird Surveys, we are always looking for volunteers! Email iba@naturemanitoba.ca for more information.

-Aynsley Woods